Scripture analysis
What Is Within Our Control?
Translation used: Traditional public-domain English translation; wording should be checked against the linked edition.
Moral issue: How should people respond to events they cannot control?
Passage
Some things are in our control, and others not.
Plain meaning
Epictetus distinguishes our judgements, intentions and choices from external events, possessions, reputation and the actions of other people.
Historical context
The Enchiridion was compiled by Arrian from the teachings of Epictetus. It served as a concise practical handbook rather than a complete account of Stoicism.
Traditional interpretation
Stoics interpret the passage as directing effort toward moral agency while accepting that outcomes remain partly dependent on circumstances.
Ethical problem
The teaching can be distorted into blaming victims or ignoring injustice on the grounds that external events cannot be completely controlled.
Reasoned analysis
The distinction is useful when it prevents wasted effort and clarifies responsibility. It becomes harmful when used to deny real external harm or discourage reasonable attempts to improve conditions.
Possible conclusions
Concentrate on choices and conduct while still taking reasonable action to change harmful external conditions.