Topic

Probability

Material connected with probability.

Articles

Why Extraordinary Claims Need Stronger Evidence

An extraordinary claim is not merely unusual or unpopular. It is a claim that would require major revision of well-supported knowledge or depends upon causes outside reliably observed experience.

How Much Evidence Should a Claim Require?

Not every claim needs the same amount of evidence. Everyday low-risk claims may reasonably be accepted provisionally, while extraordinary, consequential or highly specific claims require stronger and more independent support.

Absolute Truth, Probable Truth and Practical Truth

Truth is sometimes divided into absolute, probable and practical forms. These terms can be useful, but only if they do not confuse what is actually true with how confidently people know it or how successfully a belief guides action.

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